Men-machines cooperative organizations: methodological and practical attempts in air traffic control

This paper proposes a methodology in two phases for designing and evaluating man-machine cooperation systems for supervisory tasks of dynamic automated processes. The design phase includes process analysis and cognitive analysis, the issues of which are the task allocation between man and control system and the cooperation modes between operator and software support tools. The ascending phase aims at evaluating the implemented supervision system according to technical and ergonomic criteria. Several cooperation modes are then proposed and discussed through an example in air traffic control domain.