Circuit model of energy-storing transducers

Physical models of electro-mechanical systems in the form of generalised circuits can be constructed and modified more easily than the traditional block-diagram models. The circuit models can be assembled in a kit-like way from the submodels of system components (including electronic controls and mechanical loads) and processed by computer programs similar to SPICE. The paper proposes a simple multipurpose circuit model of energy-storing tranducers and demonstrates its usefulness using the examples of movable-plate condensers, movable-core solenoids, electromechanical relays, and reluctance synchronous and stepping motors. The model is ideal in the sense that it conserves energy, but its electro-mechanical characteristics are nonlinear in general.