An improvement on empirical modelling of photovoltaic cells

The photovoltaic (PV) cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity. An operating point of a photovoltaic module will move by the variation of the solar radiation, cell temperature, cell surface and values of the load connected to the system. In this paper four models for photovoltaic cells were analyzed, and two improved empirical models were implemented. The empirical models were developed using Mathcad and were validated by comparison of the obtained characteristics with the ones given by the manufacturers of the PV panels.