Simulation tools for analysis of distribution systems with distributed resources. Present and future trends

Simulation tools for analysis and design of distribution systems with distributed resources (DR) must include modeling capabilities for representing the various DR technologies. Since distribution systems were not designed for the inclusion of DR, most distribution software packages were not designed for the analysis of systems with embedded generation either. Present distribution tools can efficiently cope, for instance, with unbalanced load-flow, but they cannot deal with transient stability. This paper is aimed at reviewing the present status and the future trends of simulation tools for planning, design and operation of distribution systems with penetration of DR.