Voltage source converter (VSC) HVDC for bulk power transmission - technology and planning method

As the value of additional functionality of any new power technology is very case dependent, it is not possible to make general comments on the economics of VSC HVDC applications for bulk power transmission without considering alternatives. Therefore, the paper presents a methodology which can be used to evaluate different investment options, based on the investment cost, the operational costs and a way to include the "non-component based" costs and returns.