Semantic metadata in spatial information systems

Standardization in the field of GIS has led to a series of specifications and standards that define structure and encoding rules of data and interfaces of services provided by ISO TC 211 (ISO 19100 series) and OpenGIS Consortium. This set of standards provides syntactic interoperability of geospatial data and services, but does not solve semantic problems. In order to achieve semantic interoperability i.e. explicitly define the meaning of data and services to make them understandable both to machines and humans, attempts are made to develop geospatial semantic web, where not only the structure of data will be visible but semantics as well. In this process, particular attention is drawn to various domains such as environmental modeling or observations and measurements, but there are few results in the field of land administration that only address the problem partially and are not coordinated with standards. Therefore, the authors develop the ontology based knowledge model in the field of real estate cadastre coordinated with standards and propose how to reference resources to knowledge model concepts by annotating catalogue metadata and data models.