A PMU-based state estimator for networks containing VSC-HVDC links

This paper presents a PMU-based state estimation algorithm that considers the presence of voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) links. The network model of a VSC-HVDC link with its control modes is developed and then combined with an AC model to accomplish a hybrid AC/DC network model. The measurement model in this algorithm considers the properties of PMU measurements, thus separating the network model with measurements. Additionally, DC link measurements are assumed to be sampled synchronously, time-stamped and reported at the same rate as PMU measurements. Then, by applying the nonlinear weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm, a PMU-based state estimator can solve for both AC and DC states simultaneously. To validate the algorithm, a simulation study for a 6-bus hybrid AC/DC test system is shown in this paper.