Distributed dynamic state estimation: Fundamental building block for the smart grid

The changing face of the electric power system due to new power apparatus, the proliferation of customer owned resources and smart devices creates the possibility of coordinated control of all these resources for the benefit of the power grid and its customers. Coordinated control requires real-time monitoring of models and resources and subsequent model-based analysis, optimization and control. Legacy state estimation is limited to the transmission system only and provides only the bus voltage values at transmission buses. This paper proposes a distributed dynamic state estimation (DDSE) technology that (a) extracts the dynamic real-time model of all components in substations as well as transmission lines, and (b) executes each cycle thus providing the real time model each cycle of the system. The DDSE uses all available measurements in the system, PMU data (GPS-synchronized), SCADA data, smart meter data, etc. The DDSE provides the real time model of the system which is the fundamental building block for all smart grid applications. The representation of the real-time model is object-oriented that allows interoperability among various applications. As an example, the paper discusses the seamless application of the optimal power flow using the real-time model provided by the DDSE.