Design of a simulation model to analyze the consequences of using electric vehicles to provide control reserve

Enactment of stringent climate protection directives and policies for renewable energy as well as electric vehicle integration is expected to place considerable strain on system frequency stability. Decreasing share of conventional power plants and consequently the loss of readily controllable power generation, makes controlled charging of electric vehicles an attractive option for the Transmission System Operators (TSO). In order to analyze the capabilities of electric vehicles to provide frequency control to the TSO, this paper outlines a simulation model of power system, which includes a model of electric vehicles based on real measurement data. Thereby, the complete communication path from TSO to aggregator and then to electric vehicles is modeled, with communication delays as well as electric vehicle (EV) and control zone specific parameters. The model is tested and validated using the UCTE reference case.