Solving online for time-varying pth root via ZD from real domain to complex domain

In this paper, continuous-time Zhang dynamics (CTZD) models and discrete-time Zhang dynamics (DTZD) models are proposed to solve in real time for the time-varying pth root, from real domain to complex domain. In addition, the convergence properties of the proposed Zhang dynamics (ZD) models are discussed and proved. Furthermore, exploiting different parameters in the proposed ZD models is investigated in order to achieve superior convergence and better accuracy. Computer-simulation and experiment results further substantiate the efficacy of the proposed ZD models. Moreover, the superiority of DTZD models is verified by comparing with Newton-Raphson iteration (NRI).