DTRE-SEP: A direct transmission and residual energy based stable election protocol for clustering techniques in HWSN

Sensor nodes are equipped with limited energy, transmission range, memory and processing power. The important part of the WSN is to continuously monitor the data at regular intervals and transmits the collected data to the sink for further processing. In this paper we have presented a new Heterogeneous WSN (HWSN) protocol DTRE-SEP (Direct Transmission and Residual Energy Based Stable Election Protocol for HWSN) based on original SEP. The proposed DTRE-SEP engages both direct transmission and residual energy of nodes in order to form a new routing protocol on familiar foundations. Each node computes its distance with the associated cluster head as well as the sink. If the compared distance between the node and the sink is less than to that of cluster head, instead of transmitting data to cluster head the node transmits directly to sink. The probability of cluster head election is both weight and residual energy based. If the energy of advance nodes becomes less than any on the normal nodes, both normal and advance node will have equal probability to become cluster head on basis of residual energy. Simulation results verified that our new proposed protocol has prolonged the stability period and as well as has maximized the unstable region as compared to the former one.