Space-time model of the first-order sea clutter in onshore bistatic high frequency surface wave radar

Land or sea clutter Doppler frequency shift and spectrum spread are traditionally attributed to the radar platform motion relative to the clutter scatterer. However, another spreading mechanism of the clutter Doppler spectrum exists in onshore bistatic high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR), which is presented in this study. Based on the space-time distribution of the first-order sea clutter in onshore bistatic HFSWR, the spreading model is proposed, which is verified by the simulation and experimental results. It demonstrates that the space-time model would be of fundamental importance to the future experimental investigations, not only of target detection but also of ocean remote sensing with onshore bistatic HFSWR.