Dynamic multi-domain elastic optical networks with 4R regeneration capable border nodes

We studied dynamic multi-domain elastic optical networks that are capable of regenerating optical paths at domain boundaries. Dynamic Routing, Modulation and Spectrum assignment (RMSA) algorithms have been proposed to exploit the advantages of elastic optical networking and 4R (Re-amplification, Re-shaping, Re-timing and Re-modulation) elastic regeneration to support bandwidth-flexible lightpath services. We then evaluated and verified the performance of the developed algorithms by using numerical experiments. We also clarified the efficiency of regeneration capable multi-domain networks over conventional networks without 4R regeneration. Finally, we analyzed the trade-off between the network performance and the number of necessary regenerators, and the spectrum utilization in the networks.