A time domain discontinuous Galerkin surface integral equation method for electromagnetic scattering analysis of nonpenetrable objects

The discontinuous Galerkin surface integral (IEDG) method provides an appealing solution to the large-scale and multi-scale electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems. It employs the square integrable surface vector functions for both the trial and test function spaces, without considering the continuity across the element´s boundaries. Based on the combined integral equation (CFIE), the Galerkin weak formulation can be established using particular surface and contour boundary penalty terms (Z. Peng, K.-H. Lim and J.-F. Lee, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 61, 3617–3628, 2013). Various applications in challenging real-world objects composed of both nonpenetrable and piecewise homogeneous materials have demonstrated the flexibility and versatility of the IEDG method.