Effect of electronic components on the characteristics of small antennas

A miniaturized antenna for printed circuits radiating at Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (center frequency 2.44 GHz) has been designed and simulated. A prototype has been developed, manufactured and tested for reflection coefficient and radiation pattern. Prototype measurement results shows a good agreement with simulations. The size of the antenna is smaller than 0.1 λ. The presence of components around the antenna has been considered, and their effect on the resonance has been studied. The variation of resonant frequency as a function of the component position and orientation has been summarized in a plot.