Comparison of indoor penetration loss between measurement result and hybrid method by ray-tracing and physical optics

This paper investigates an indoor penetration loss between measured result and the result by a hybrid method of ray-tracing (RT) and physical optics (PO) (PT-PO method), when considering heterogeneous networks. In heterogeneous networks, interference from/to macrocell to/from small cell in indoor arrives with each other. Therefore, exact interference power estimation is essential in heterogeneous networks. From the comparison of indoor penetration loss among measured result, 3GPP model and result by RT-PO method, it is shown that the path loss between the measured result and RT-PO method agree well with each other when considering the severe interference environment.