Incorporation of inhaled insulin into the FDA accepted University of Virginia/Padova Type 1 Diabetes Simulator

The University of Virginia/Padova Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) Simulator has been extensively used in artificial pancreas research mostly for testing and design of control algorithms. However, it also offers the possibility of testing new insulin analogs and alternative routes of delivery given that subcutaneous insulin administration present significant delays & variability. Inhaled insulin appears an important candidate to improve post-prandial glucose control given its rapid appearance in plasma. In this contribution, we present the results of incorporating a pharmacokinetic model of inhaled Technosphere^® Insulin (TI) into the T1DM simulator. In particular, we successfully reproduced in silico the post-prandial glucose control observed in T1DM subjects treated with TI given at meal time, and the post-prandial glucose dynamics in response to different timing of TI dose.