Energy management and renewable energy integration in smart grid system

Smart grid is a concept by which the existing electrical grid infrastructure is being upgraded with integration of multiple technologies such as, two-way power flow, two-way communication, automated sensors, advanced automated controls and forecasting system. Smart grid enables interaction between the consumer and utility which allow the optimal usage of energy based on environmental, price preferences and system technical issues. This enables the grid to be more reliable, efficient and secure, while reducing greenhouse gases. This paper presents a survey of the recent literature on integrating renewable energy sources into smart grid system. Various management objectives, such as improving energy efficiency, maximizing utilization, reducing cost, and controlling emission have been explored.