Spatio-temporal dynamics of the floods in the Guayas watershed (Ecuatorian Pacific Coast) using ENVISAT ASAR images

The floods are an annual phenomenon on the Pacific coast of Ecuador and can become devastating during El Niño years, especially in the Guayas watershed (32,300 km²), the largest drainage basin on the South American western side of the Andes. In this study, we used ENVISAT ASAR GM SAR images with a spatial resolution of 1 km to map the flooded areas between 2004 and 2008 and study the spatio-temporal dynamics of floods in the Guayas Basin. Maximum of likelihood supervised classification performed on ASAR images acquired during four consecutive dry seasons allowed us to identify five classes of land cover consistent with land use map. From the four wet seasons, we computed standardized anomalies of backscattering coefficient to detect changes between dry and wet season and tested different thresholds to identify flooded areas.