Millimeter and sub-terahertz wave generation with an on-chip colliding pulse mode-locked laser diode

We report the generation of millimeter and sub-terahertz waves with an on-chip colliding pulse mode-locked laser diode (OCCP-MLLD) by using two different approaches. The first approach is the pulsed source method based on an OCCP-MLLD structure that allows on-chip integration using multimode interference reflectors (MIRs). The OCCP-MLLD is capable of generating a carrier at 70 GHz due to the colliding pulse mode locking regime. The second approach is the optical heterodyning method using an on-chip colliding pulse mode-locked laser with an arrayed waveguide grating optical filter (OCCP-AWG). The OCCP-AWG provides a carrier at 90 GHz by filtering two optical modes.