Multi-objective optimal sizing and control of fuel cell systems for hybrid vehicle applications

This paper discusses the multi-objective optimal sizing and energy management of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell systems (PEMFCS) in hybrid electric vehicles. First, a convex multi-objective optimization framework is established for quickly and efficiently examining the optimal PEMFCS size and tradeoffs between the PEMFCS durability and hydrogen economy for a fuel cell hybrid bus. Second, the implication of driving patterns to both the optimal PEMFCS size and Pareto optimality is investigated. The proposed framework, along with the optimization results, is useful to health-aware PEMFCS integration, simulation, and control at a vehicle system level.