Reliability assessment of frequency regulation service provided by V2G

A framework to quantify reliability of frequency regulation service offered by V2G using Markov reliability models. The framework incorporates key features of V2G aggregation and the requirements of the ISO on regulation resources. The approach is particularly useful to analytically determine the number of EVs required to meet the ISO performance requirements on regulation resources. The paper also computes the sensitivity of the reliability of the service to the duration for which EVs are available to provide the service, also termed as “availability” of EVs. Through the sensitivity analysis, the effect of parameter uncertainty on the reliability can be estimated. The proposed approach is illustrated using a sample aggregation described in the paper that offers regulation capacity in the PJM ancillary services market.