Design of a distributed ultrasound-based sensory system

Different sensors may be used for a robot environment analysis: infrared sensors, laser sensors, sonars, RGB and depth cameras. Most of them provide satisfying information about the distance and the shape of observed objects. However, the main drawback of these sensors is the inability to discriminate among different analyzed objects if the latter share the same color, texture or distance. A distributed ultrasound-based sensory system composed from multiple ultrasonic cells is proposed. The system uses a master-slave control architecture. This paper presents the most important part of such system - a low-cost ultrasonic cell with the ability to classify objects by exploiting the magnitude of reflected ultrasonic waves. Traditional ultrasonic sensors only provide information about the distance, but the presented ultrasonic cell also measures the acoustic reflection coefficient of analyzed object. This coefficient allows to differ among materials or objects. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed ultrasonic cell.