Energy management of a FC/UC hybrid power source

The studied system in this paper is a hybrid power source with a Fuel Cell (FC) as a main energy source and an Ultra-Capacitor (UC) as an energy storage system for an electric vehicle. The energy management problem as well as the charge sustaining, which is an optimal control problem are fulfilled by Ant Colony Optimization algorithm while respecting the energetic and dynamic constraints of the hybrid energy source. Two standard driving cycles (ECE 15) and (EUDS) are utilized for the simulation work.