Switching rates of selection diversity and switch-and-stay diversity on mixed high-speed train channels

Due to tunnels, mountains, corridors and other geographical features as well as their high mobility, high speed train users may experience different channel fadings on two or more antennas mounted on the top of the train, varying in time and location. The switching rates of dual selection combining diversity and dual switch-and-stay diversity for the mixed Nakagami-m and Rician fading are investigated. New closed-form expressions are derived for the case of independent but not identically distributed fading links, that is, unbalanced channels.