An excellent encapsulation of silicone on an optimized-ZnO-nanowires anti-reflection layer for crystalline-Si photovoltaic devices

The ZnO nanowires (NWs) on a textured crystalline-silicon photovoltaic device as an anti-reflection layer (AR layer) have been optimized via a hydrothermal method. The better encapsulation material than ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) for the ZnO NWs AR layer has been investigated also. The best results were achieved the 300-nm long ZnO NWs as the AR layer on a 2.5 × 2.5-cm² area solar cell, with the efficiency (η) reaching up to 15.21%, with an FF of 72.71%, VOC of 0.57 V, JSC of 36.07mA. The foregoing cell was encapsulated with silicone with the efficiency up to 14.53 %.