Architecting a MOS current mode logic (MCML) processor for fast, low noise and energy-efficient computing in the near-threshold regime

Near-threshold computing (NTC) is an effective technique for improving the energy efficiency of a CMOS microprocessor, but suffers from a significant performance loss and an increased sensitivity to voltage noise. MOS current-mode logic (MCML), a differential logic family, maintains a low voltage swing and a constant current, making it inherently fast and low-noise. These traits make MCML a natural selection to implement an NTC processor; however, MCML suffers from a high static power regardless of the clock frequency or the level of switching activity, which would result in an inordinate energy consumption in a large scale IC. To address this challenge, this paper explores a single-core microarchitecture for MCML that takes advantage of C-slow retiming technique, and runs at a high frequency with low complexity to save energy. This design principle is opposite to the contemporary multicore design paradigm for static CMOS that relies on a large number of gates running in parallel at modest speeds. When compared to an eight-core static CMOS processor operating in the near-threshold regime, the proposed processor exhibits 3x higher performance, 2x lower energy, and 10 x lower voltage noise, while maintaining a similar level of power dissipation.