Hierarchical organization with a cross layers using smart sensors for intelligent cities

To build intelligent cities with providing comfortable life, we use smart sensors. So, we have to protect these sensors form deterioration by using energy conservation techniques to extend their lifetime. In this work we concentrate in the problem of energy conservation and life expectancy of smart sensors; because, they are not refillable by micro-piles. To solve the problem of limitation of the network regarding energy resources, our approach is based on a combination between several existing mechanisms of energy saving by addressing more particularly on the data routing. The existing routing protocol ZRP cannot resist in large scale (because it isn´t an adapted protocol for WSN). To overcome this limit, our approach consists in improving this protocol with the aim of having the best answers for the requirements of WSN by the introduction of hierarchical organization based on the crossing between different layers, to obtain the proposed protocol H-ZRP. We have been used NS2 for simulation. Our proposal approach offered the best performances and more reliability than at the loss packets rate, deadline from start to finish, and transmission rate.