The application of public-private partnership in stadiums

The applications of PPP in the stadium constructions and operations were reviewed in this paper; concludes the advantages of PPP; and emphasizes the importance of the successful use of PPP for the stadium project. The paper also includes a series of recommendations for choosing the appropriate PPP mode based on the construction/operation phases of project. A case study regarding the application of PPP in the new Atlanta and the Beijing National Stadium project were performed, and the lessons from the case study to establishing the professional managerial team, developing the institution for risk diversification and profit shearing allocation, processing the payments are summarized.