Conical beaming using simple arrays of uniform half-width microstrip leaky-wave antennas

A simple array of half-width (HW) microstrip leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) radiates a conical beam around the boresight. Uniform microstrip LWAs usually radiate a fan-shaped beam with a beam direction near boresight at lower frequencies and near endfire at higher frequencies. Six HW-MLWAs terminated by matched loads are used in this array. The whole array is on a single substrate, where the LWAs are placed at 60° angular displacement from each other with respect to a common center point. The peak gain of the array is 7.8 dBi and it radiates a conical beam over a 6.1% (4 GHz to 4.25 GHz) band.