Overview of water antenna designs for wireless communications

Water antennas are a special type of liquid antennas and have attracted increasing attentions recently. In this paper, novel water antenna designs with different working mechanisms are presented. The achievable performance of water antennas designed for wide bandwidth, compactness, low profiles are illustrated. The water based antenna can be a conducting antenna, a hybrid antenna or a dielectric loaded antenna. The results demonstrate that water antennas are very promising candidates for wireless communications.