Wideband circularly polarized 2?2 array antenna fed by 3D meandering probes

A 3D meandering probe (3D M-Probe) feeding structure is utilized for designing wideband circular polarization (CP) 2×2 patch array. The 3D M-Probe feeding structure realizes wideband circular polarization of an antenna element. Additionally, the sequentially feeding technique also enhances the circular polarization bandwidth. As a consequence, the 2×2 array antenna fed by 3D M-Probes obtains more than 20% impedance bandwidth (Reflection Coefficient ≤ -15 dB) and axial ratio bandwidth (AR ≤ 3 dB). In the experiment, the array antenna is designed for the Ku-band (centered on 13.0 GHz) satellite communication application. The measured results show reasonable agreement with the simulation.