An analysis of hierarchical routing protocols for large WSN under the non-ideal connectivity conditions

The hierarchical routing protocols are often considered as energy-efficient solution for wireless sensor networks. Commonly observed single-hop and dual-hop hierarchical routing protocols do not support non-ideal connectivity conditions that cause degradation of performances, i.e. lower energy-efficiency and data delivery success. In this paper, LEACH, E-SEP and DECC protocols are analyzed for large WSNs under non-ideal connectivity conditions. Protocol modifications are suggested, which were shown, by Monte-Carlo experiments, to facilitate the performance improvement under the observed application conditions.