Grid-independent renewable energy solutions for residential use: The case of an off-grid house in wellington, New Zealand

This paper discusses a hybrid electricity system (HES) for off-grid residential use, based on wind, photovoltaic (PV), battery storage systems, and a generator, using a house in Wellington as a case study. The HES is developed to adequately manage an average daily demand of about 10kWh for lighting, TVs, refrigerators, DVD players, computers etc., excluding cooking, hot water and heating appliances. The technical, economic and environmental considerations are presented. Results reveal the potential of the HES to provide an eco- friendly, cost-effective and reliable electricity for the house, compared to generator only.