Calibration/verification standards for measurement of extremely high impedances

The paper concerns the design of calibration/verification standards suitable for a system developed to be capable of measuring extreme impedances. Values of standard impedances cover the range from 5 kΩ to approx. 200 kΩ. The paper focuses on selecting a structure compatible with an APC-7 connector and its optimization taking into account also the presence of higher order modes and technology demands. CST Microwave Studio (CST) is used for simulations. S-parameters of the final structure are verified by means of an independent 3D simulator ANSYS HFSS (HFSS).