Optimal DR through HVAC loads in distribution systems hosting large wind generation

The penetration of wind generation in distribution networks is steadily increasing and may provide ample business opportunities for aggregators. While, residential demand response (DR) has proven to be a feasible economic tool in smart grids, the quantitative evaluation of various aggregator-based DR services is required to tap the maximum benefits from the DR flexibility. This paper provides an overview of benefits of different DR aggregator services such as minimization of energy cost and wind curtailment given the scenario of large wind generation hosted by distribution network. An optimization model is formulated from aggregator perspective to manage the population of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) loads for optimizing the benefits of demand response in energy market and for wind integration services. The application of the model suggests that maximum benefits are pocketed by the aggregator when DR services are jointly optimized.