A reliable and evenly energy consumed routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks

Vector based forwarding (VBF) routing protocol is a location-based energy efficient routing protocol designed for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). In this paper a VBF-improved routing protocol is proposed, which uses not only the information of location but also the residual energy and the number of retransmission in last cycle to make decision whether to make data forwarding. According to the simulation results, more evenly energy consumption and reliable data transmission are achieved in our proposed protocol, compared to previous vector-based routing protocols for UASNs.