Battery characterization and state-of-charge prediction for different journey conditions with the help of the "journey mapping" concept

Electric vehicle battery modeling and state-of-charge prediction has gained a lot of importance with the growing range anxiety among electric vehicle users. The future of battery implementation in electric vehicles might be in their customized design according to specific journey conditions. As such, this paper highlights the application of a novel concept - Journey Mapping for a Ford Focus Electric 2012´s battery characterization and SOC prediction with the help of Genetic Algorithm and the Recursive Least Squares techniques respectively. The Journey Mapping concept, which re-defines driving cycles in order to better capture the journey of a vehicle by including various external conditions such as weather, terrain, traffic, driver behavior, road, aerodynamic and vehicle proved to be a a more accurate testing bed for electric vehicle battery modeling.