Accurate in-situ runtime measurement of energy per operation of system-on-chip on FPGA

Accurate energy estimates for applications running on FPGA based processors at runtime can enable advanced energy management algorithms to dynamically tune the system to optimize its energy consumption and in turn increase the battery life in the mobile systems. This paper presents an online methodology to monitor energy per instruction on FPGA platform that can be used to accurately estimate energy consumed by the application at runtime that is chip specific and suppresses effects of noise. We then extend this methodology to account for energy consumed by the peripherals. Results suggest our methodology is immune to noise and can estimate energy online with less than 3% deviation from total measured energy at less than 2% measurement overhead.