Energy-efficient computing from systems-on-chip to micro-server and data centers

Energy-efficiency has become a key metric for a wide range of computing platforms from low power mobile processors all the way up to data centers. Utilizing the many cores and architectural heterogeneity have been shown to be very effective in increasing the energy efficiency, which implies more performance under the same or lower power consumption budgets. Despite the obvious differences between low power processors, servers and data centers, there is also a common mathematical foundation applicable across different domains. This paper overviews cutting-edge aspects of energy-efficient design of next-generation manycore systems and highlights future research and development challenges.