A robust watermarking scheme based on the human visual system in the wavelet domain

This paper presents a robust watermarking algorithm based on the human visual system (HVS) and the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (DWT). A watermark scrambled with the Logistic map is embedded into the decomposition coefficients of the multi-level DWT. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) is expended to the spatial frequency plane to determine the perceptual weight of the embedding strength in the multiple DWT sub-bands for improving the robustness and transparency of the watermarking. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed scheme on the visual quality of the watermarked image and the resistance against attacks such as compression, filtering, noise, enhancement and geometric transform.