Challenges and innovations in modern antenna technology

This paper is aimed to address specific new techniques, which have been developed in the recent years and find potential applications. They basically include printed as well as dielectric resonator antennas and the technique employs deliberately created defects on the ground plane, commonly termed as `defected ground structure´ or more popularly `DGS´. Over 1200 technical papers, 3 book chapters, and several granted patents produced in the span of last one decade indicate the strength and applicability of the DGS techniques. Fundamental concepts to state of the art innovations will be addressed indicating their possible applications in different fields.