Data Framing Attacks against Nonlinear State Estimation in Smart Grid

Data framing attacks against linear state estimation was first proposed by Kim et. al. in 2014. Such attack is very interesting since it can mislead the control centre and "help" remove the measurements without malicious data. However, as the nonlinear state estimator is more widely used (than linear state estimator) in industry today, the nonlinear system cannot be simply analyzed with linear state estimator. An open problem is whether we can give this kind of attack on the nonlinear state estimator. This paper gives an affirmative answer. We expect the results of this paper will serve for exploring a more robust and sophisticated solution to avoid the data framing attacks.