Optimization of leaky-wave antennas based on non-uniform HMSIW

In this paper, the optimization of leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) based on non-uniform half-mode substrate-integrated waveguides (HMSIWs) is presented. The optimization is based on a semi-analytical solution of a tapered HMSIW, which has been recently proposed by the authors in a previously published paper. This analysis is based on a transmission line model of the HMSIW, where the reflections along the LWA are considered. Compared to the traditional approach, the analysis demonstrates a higher accuracy on the pattern calculation. Two different optimizations with different objectives are demonstrated: a wideband omni-directional LWA and a LWA with minimized sidelobe level. The optimized results obtained with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm exemplify the versatility of the method for different target specifications.