An audio watermarking scheme based on automatic parameterized singular-spectrum analysis using differential evolution

This paper proposes an audio watermarking scheme based on singular-spectrum analysis (SSA) and differential evolution. In our framework, a watermark is embedded into an audio signal by modifying the amplitude of some oscillatory components which are decomposed by SSA, and a parameter set for the modification is determined by differential evolution. Test results showed that, although there is a trade-off between inaudibility and robustness, the sound quality of watermarked signal could be improved considerably while the bit error rate could be satisfied. Our proposed scheme is inaudible and robust. Furthermore, based on analyzing the second derivative of singular spectrum, it was found that our proposed scheme can be completely blind.