Joint day-ahead energy and reserve scheduling model with demand response

Two demand response (DR) programs, namely, load reduction demand response (LRDR) program and load transfer demand response (LTDR) program are both incorporated into the day-ahead scheduling in this paper. The LRDR participants provide load curtailment in energy scheduling and reserve capacity in spinning reserve scheduling while the LTDR customers participate in energy scheduling by providing load shift resources. Compared to basic DR models, the proposed models of LRDR and LTDR are extended with a refined description by adding various constraints in the offer package. The actual operation characteristics of DR resources are reflected in the models. Besides, the day-ahead scheduling mode with DR is studied. Finally, a co-optimized day-ahead energy/reserve scheduling model integrated with DR which simultaneously schedules energy and reserve is established. The effectiveness of the proposed day-ahead scheduling model is verified on a modified IEEE 118-bus system.