Distribution system fast decoupled state estimation based on complex pu normalization

Considering the high R/X ratios on distribution systems, the conventional fast decoupled state estimation (FDSE) algorithm can-not be applied to emerging distribution systems. To improve the performance of FDSE methods, this paper proposes the complex per unit (cpu) normalization method. The cpu concept is aimed to overcome the numerical problems raised by the high R/X ratios of distribution systems. Results and comparative analysis have been presented and illustrated using the 33-bus distribution test systems.