Direct synthesis approach for voltage mode transfer functions using current conveyors

New configurations realizing any transfer function using only positive type second-generation current conveyors are presented, The configurations enable the realization of any transfer function by the appropriate choice of the four-grounded admittances. In this study, the overall transfer function is presented not only for ideal active elements but also taking into account their nonidealities. The proposed configurations permit the use of grounded capacitors. The functionality of the circuits is tested on a filter design example by experiment. The high frequency performance is shown to be satisfactory up to relatively high frequencies compared to classical voltage mode op-amp counterparts.