Quadrant based routing protocol for improving network lifetime for WSN

A WSN consist of a large number of small, low cost devices called sensor nodes deployed in an area. These sensor nodes are used for the purpose of monitoring different physical parameters of that particular area. The sensor nodes consist of a low power, irreplaceable battery which has a limited lifetime. To achieve long lifetime of the sensor network, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption by the sensor nodes. For this purpose, different routing protocols have been introduced which minimizes total energy consumption. Some of them are LEACH, PEGASIS, a novel tree based routing. In this paper, we have proposed a quadrant based routing protocol that utilizes the principle of spanning tree. The sensor area is divided into four quadrants. Each node selects its parent node by itself based on the distance and residual energy of the parent node. Simulation results shows that the proposed protocol gives better performance than the other protocols with respect to load balancing and network lifetime.