FPGA implementation of compact S-Box for AES algorithm using composite field arithmetic

This paper present method for constructions of the S-Box for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm using composite field arithmetic in GF(((2²)²)²). It is advantageous to implement the composite field arithmetic (CFA) on Field Programmable Gate Array for AES algorithm. Moreover, architectural implementation of S-Box using CFA reduces the hardware in terms of gates count as compared with that classical Look Up Table based S-Box for AES algorithm. The composite fields are constructed by decomposition methodology. However, an isomorphic mapping function to map the GF (2⁸) representation to its composite field in GF (((2²)²)²) and eight such mappings exist for each construction. The proposed CFA based S-Box implementation on hardware provides less area by 50% and low power consumption compared to the classical S-Box.